To experience can be understood in many ways. Your email address will not be published. This object is a picture of a place that played a pivotal part on the reformism of casteism. How might the context in which knowledge is presented influence whether it is accepted or rejected? OT2: Knowledge and Technology. Sophists are the norm in todays societies; and because they are the norm, they should be treated with scepticism. The products of Microsoft may indeed have once belonged to Bill Gates, but the knowledge that brought about those products he has taken possession of, and that knowledge and its truth is present to everyone. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? - WordPress.com On what grounds might we doubt a claim? It is the system that makes information possible. It is what you are doing in your Exhibition which we can say is an event. This is the contradiction we live within. This leads to the great temptation of solipsism, particularly among the young. Inquiries regarding such beliefs are what are called second order questions. Modern machine technology looks to science, to scientific, empirical, practical, reliable, proven facts and is not guided by murky theory. We can think of experience as an isolated, temporary experience or an inner, psychical event, intrinsically detached both from the body and from the external world. Each of the prompts is discussed in turn below: This is a useful prompt in that one may be able to respond to it in the simplest of terms or one may proceed to the very abyss of what thinking is in ones response to it. Your first step is to ensure that you understand what principles and key concepts are involved in the prompt you have chosen. The roles of the media in its various forms is something that will need to be addressed. New knowledge can have a significant impact since it could modify the values of society as a whole, hence it may change the ethics that govern us. While the responsibility for the work of art belongs to the artist herself, the art that provided the prompt to bring forth the work was certainly not her own although we believe that the creativity and imagination that are inherent in the work are the artists responsibility. Once again remember that technology is the theory not merely the instruments that technology has produced i.e. These questions are embedded in our understanding of causality and in our cognition through our search for reasons to understand why a thing is the way it is. Experiment in this sense is quite different from experience: science becomes rational-mathematical, i.e. Opinion is Platos justified true belief which he outlines in his dialogue Theatetus. While the perceived value of a product or a brand in the past usually accrued over time, nowadays the value of a product is truly in the eyes of a beholder rather than in the usefulness or good of the product itself. the truth as unconcealment i.e what we have determined a thing or being to be in the first place. Correctness is understood as the translation of the Latinadaequatioand the Greekhomoisis. It is the final statement, nothing is without reason, that must be understood here. We as human beings define ourselves as the animal rationale, that animal that is capable of reason or the animal that is capable of ratio or of counting, the animal capable of language. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. Each student created an exhibition of three objects to connect to one specific question. Certainly the greatest change in our human being-in-the-world occurs due to our change in our relationship to Nature. in the highest sense not experimental. 8. Since this is its concern, it is subject to interpretation. 21. It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. They are considered experts because they have that knowledge by acquaintance with the subject matter upon which they speak. Again, the interpretation of the prompts provided here is an interpretation only and its purpose is to provoke thought on your part as to why you have chosen the images that you have chosen and what these choices provide your audience regarding your understanding of the world. An examination of what we understand as History can occur here. When we speak of the production of knowledge, we are tacitly recognizing technology as a way of knowing as a way of revealing the things that are hidden. may establish new rules or laws, and may clarify the existing rules or laws in relation to any objects or phenomena examined i.e. There is no medieval world-picture: human beings are assigned their place by God in His created order. After having fought a Revolutionary War to replace someone who they believed was a tyrant (King George III), he claims that the USAs founding fathers wished to replace one form of tyranny with another. Your response to this prompt will depend on the areas of knowledge that you choose your objects/images from. The language used by Plato in his dialogues, for instance, is an attempt to get beyond the chit-chat of everyday speech, the language we most commonly use in our everyday dealings with things and with others. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? a description of the features of that knowledge, for it is through such knowledge that we believe we have truth. If the "newly acquired knowledge" makes significantly more sense than the "established" values, it would seem to make good sense to change your values, providing the new knowledge does not violate your ethics or morals. In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. These are written about at length in other entries in this blog and reviewing them might be helpful with your Exhibition under this prompt. Ours has been an age of progress in that the knowledge that has been produced from the technological viewing of the world has brought about many benefits. Arts purpose is to change the manner in which we see or view the world. Our understandings and interpretations of our experiences are, for the most part, culturally determined and this is what we have come to call shared knowledge. It was the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language (and, thus, our English language) and their conception of a thing as a subject (subjectum) with accidents (qualities, what we experience of the thing through sensory perception). Our tragic literature and our art, generally, demonstrate that there might not be as great a separation between theory and practice as we have been led to believe. This know how, presumably, comes from a long, broad engagement with the field which is under discussion. The Theory of Knowledge Exhibition Prompts - IBMastery 12. Both Mary Shelleys novelFrankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Ridley Scotts film Prometheus are warnings of the implications of seeking some kinds of knowledge without considering the ends of such knowledge. The a priori and its priority will be interpreted by you in accordance with your conception of the thinghood of the things or images you have chosen and your understanding of the being of beings or things in general. What the light of a project reveals are possibilities captured in the interpretation. For Plato, the truelogosis silent to the soul which does not have the possibility of hearing it i.e. Our doubt and skepticism, on the other hand, is spurred by the requirement of giving sufficient reasons for a things being what and how it is, and should these not be given, then the thing is not. A specific discussion of the computer as an example can be found at this link: https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. How can newly acquired knowledge change established values? Procuring health is the setting up of conditions and abetting the properties that are already present in nature and allowing those conditions and properties to flourish. (cf. 7. Is Galileos view an improvement on Aristotles view of nature is, of course, another question entirely and one which you may explore in your Exhibition. The German philosopher Kant grounded this viewing in his Critique of Pure Reason. But even today, the principle of reason is not clearly understood as that which determines all cognition and behaviour. However, such knowledge has also brought about many ills and challenges that we are now trying to overcome and must overcome if we are to sustain life on this planet. What we call our knowledge requires that what we consider the knowledge to be must be rendered or handed over to others so that it may be justified and made secure. Correctness is being directed toward something, making statements that are fitted or suitable for the things that are spoken about. The abstractions that are the second order questions will be arrived at from elsewhere, thus your discussion of owning can be on the practical application side of the products of knowledge such as patents and the like, or it can deal with a theoretical discussion of what the possible meanings of owning can be. There is no ancient or medieval system, an essential requirement for the reduction of the world to a picture. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. A question has arisen regarding the idea of added value in comment #2. This is called perfection. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. and feel more politically effective in influencing people to politics are politically active. relates some thing to some other thing. Until they become a thing, they are not knowable. Although historians cannot observe what happened in a laboratory nor do experiments to confirm their hypothesis, they have developed alternative methods to gather knowledge. This is what you are doing with the images and objects of your Exhibition. The concreteness of the Exhibition itself is a product of your work and you will provide the first order descriptions of the images and things you have chosen. 3. they must be given to us a priori. Our two latest AOKs were called Religious Knowledge Systems and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. They are either accepted or rejected and no further discourse is possible about them. If it is not, it is subjective. This lack of self-knowledge elicits pity and fear from us: pity for the waste of the good that is the goodness of the tragic hero as a human being, and fear that such a lack of self-knowledge may be present in ourselves. Your email address will not be published. A new assessment, inspired by the British museum's "A history of the world in 100 objects." Acknowledgements: the factual features of this web-page are based on the TOK Guide of the 2022 specification. However, the heliocentric theory proved that the earth was spherical and the sun was at the center of the cosmos. In order to put these questions to the things, the things must already be present and be presented to us in some way. Ethics study what people should do and speaks about ideal behaviour. What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge? The bias in the production of knowledge will be determined by the ends that have been chosen which will, in turn, determine the methods in which those ends will be achieved, usually unethical ones. I dont understand the link. Just as the essence of technology is not itself technological, so the essence of calculation and the calculable is not accessible to calculation. It is the act of creating an output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. Wikipedia. What counts as a good justification for a claim? Final TOK Exhibition.docx - Can new knowledge change established values Because reason is aratio,an account, if it is not given a judgement remains without justification. How one re-searches the historical developments within an area of knowledge will be determined byhermaneuticsand the de-constructionof language. All producing is based on a disclosive looking i.e. One finds the best example of this metaphor in Shakespeares Macbeth and in the motif of sickness that runs throughout that play: Art not without ambition, but without/ The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly,/ That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win(Act 1 Sc. An account is an account only if it is handed over. Fortunately the Greeks had no experiences Hence they did not believe that the point of art is to provide them. (Heidegger). Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Our being-in-the-world is permeated by a lack of knowledge. How important are material tools in the production or acquisition of knowledge? Every posing of every question takes place within that which is granted to us, our legacy, in its very presence in who and what we think we are. -Those beliefs were changed and replaced when the Constitution was signed -Shown through the object Scepticism and doubt are the proper approaches to claims made by experts in many areas of knowledge. The belief of the first type is axiomaticin that it is based upon first principles or self-evident truths. Usually we associate experience with an intense effect on ones inner life, but not necessarily externally, as in That was quite an experience. Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. Sickness in the soul is determined to be an insurrection that results when the mode of comportment of the soul comes into conflict with another mode of comportment; we might call this a conflict of conscience. These second-order claims are justified using the principle of sufficient reason which usually involves an examination of the nature of the knowledge that you are investigating and the nature of the tools that are used to produce or acquire such knowledge. To experiment is where we intervene in something to see what happens: if we do such and such, only now we do so in anticipation of regularity, e.g. The evidence is considered adequate when the idea in the mind corresponds to the object which is under investigation and that object gives us its reasons for being as it is. Bob has also created the harmonies for music on todays podcast, theyre really beautiful. Ignorance is rooted in unfamiliarity, not having seen something or other yet appearing to oneself and to others as if one did know it. In logic, the word correctnessis lack of contradiction, consistency. Reason renders an account of the truth of judgement. 2. Technology, understood as instrumentality, is a matter of ends and means. TOK. Can new knowledge change established. We believe we have knowledge when our representations in our minds correspond to the things that we are inquiring about. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects In the examples that I frequently use from the Greeks, all of them are translations of that language. Before the German philosopher Leibniz declaring the principle of reason astheprinciple, it lay in hiding in the darkness of our assumptions throughout Western history. TOK Exhibition - Prompts (Knowledge Questions) | Plato's Cave - Edublogs Due to these people's different viewpoints of how they view an article, new knowledge can sometimes change established values or beliefs, but not always. let alone the things of nature, are not truly mirrors in which we behold only ourselves (Heidegger). which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. The Latin words reor and ratio represent the sort of orienting and conforming that is a reckoning, a counting on, and this is why the Roman word ratio came to translate the Greek word. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? To what extent is certainty attainable? But as Aristotle once said: For as the eyes of bats are to the blaze of day, so is the reason in our soul to the things which are by nature most evident of all.. This is done in the modern physical sciences. An appropriate question to ask is whether or not a dialectic is possible on todays social media and what possible consequences are present. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Darwin and Nietzsche: Part V: The World as Life and Becoming: Darwin and Nietzsche: Part VI: What is Practical Need? IB TOK Exhibition example: Theory of Knowledge - Clastify What is unknowable is as such because it is unnameable. they are not underway towards something because they already possess knowledge of the things about which they deliberate and those things are the things which are permanent. Herein arises the role of algebraic calculation: everything counts as existing when and only when it has been securely established as a calculable object for cognition. You will notice, though, that human beings do not cause the health: health itself is an outcome of nature. It is an infatuation with immediately given appearances on the basis of which all further experiences of the world are investigated, inquired about, and explained. The book Les malheurs de Sophie was made by Kounouz about the misfortunes of a girl named Sophie. 16. 4. Certainly, any sane person will see the improvements in various technes or arts and crafts as improvements in knowledge. It is through research that we believe we can uncover that which has been hidden. Current knowledge and historical knowledge is shown through the transition and transformation of language: language addresses itself to human beings in words that conceal the genuine face of Being. 13. New knowledge can't override the old. It reveals when it is true; it does not reveal when it is false. I have a hard time distinguishing between added value and branding when I attempt to understand the concept myself. When the soul is not beautiful, it is ugly and deformed. Paper: 'Woman's brain, man's brain: feminism and anthropology in late nineteenth-century France' For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. There are few who would claim to have knowledge of what is going on in modern arts circles is another example. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. Plato sees the illness and ugliness of the soul as requiring a catharsis or purification.