At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and for freed slaves. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 Who did the states and congress give free land to? A Democrat and the only senator from the South who remained loyal to the Union, Johnson at first seemed ready to take a hard line against the former Confederacy. Distinguish the central and driving ideas at work in the documents used to illustrate this lesson. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? %PDF-1.5 % HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. plan was the easiest on the South? You have not finished your quiz. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. The teacher should divide the class into four small groups. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? It abolished slavery in the United States. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream A large number of Republican lawmakers regained seats in Southern state governments, but chose to abandon Reconstruction reforms. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. they became caught up in debt. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo The teacher may wish to review these documents so as to be able to explain any difficult vocabulary or unfamiliar vernacular. Yes, a few. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. The 10 year period after the Civil War is. Ex. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- the South divided into 5 military districts, He antagonized the northern voters. Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) HUKo0WhUK( It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. Please wait while the activity loads. WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. Also, this page requires javascript. !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. until early 1900's they still mostly lived in the south. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., No. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. WebEvaluating Reconstruction from Multiple Perspectives Introduction The 10 year period after the Civil War is known as the Reconstruction Era. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? In the Senate? View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Only in South Carolina. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya Why did white southerners move to take the vote away from blacks at the end of the century? Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. What problems were faced by the freed slaves? What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. no, although many blacks stopped participating. President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. To reinstate slavery in parts of the United States, To fix damage done to buildings during the war, To rebuild the southern economy and society. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? D 7. Why of why not? Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. WebList the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. What did the conflict between Johnson and Congress result in? %PDF-1.5 % Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream How did whites regain political control in the south? His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. (113M Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. dzB;. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans.