Bus Tours. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. There was no evidence to link him to specific killings, and though he admitted to serving at the camp, he said that he was unaware that people were being murdered there. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. Dave, This blog has been around for a while. swisslotto. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. She died in 1989. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on May 9, 1945, and liberated about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide during the final evacuation of the camp. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). The number of inmates increased considerably in 1944, with Jews forming a significant proportion of the newcomers. Some went on to be involved in administering lethal sterilisation experiments, others helped select victims of the gas chambers, set dogs on young girls and murdered inmates before incinerating their bodies. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. Holocaust survivor Abraham Koryski gave evidence in court on Monday, detailing the horrors he and other inmates endured at the Stutthoff concentration camp in the final years of World War II. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. from. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. Not all the female guards were monsters - with many sharing food and clothing with inmates at considerable risk to themselves. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Originally, it was a civil prison camp for political enemies of the . [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. The selection process for these guards was lax. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. [40] On 20 December 2022 Furchner, then 97, was convicted of being an accessory to murder of more than 10,000 people at Stutthof concentration camp during World War II. Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. Ten were sentenced to death. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. Wow, Geocities links. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. Stutthof. I PROMISE. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death.
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