The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . /F5 18 0 R Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. 4 Topics . Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements % In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. /Width 371 (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. What is federalism? Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. %PDF-1.5 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. endobj By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. He rejects the assertion that 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Moreover, Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. 1. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. June 1,2022 You are welcome dear reader. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. /Length 14727 It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. The states were later increased to 30 states. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| It is our pleasure. . To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. Email Address. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. /Length 3884 Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Your email address will not be published. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. 7 Topics . This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. 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Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Payment Details. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Adobe d C (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. /F2 9 0 R +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . 3. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. /BitsPerComponent 8 I love this article,very educating and interesting Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. 3. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. << PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Your email address will not be published. /Height 235 I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Pls visit us again dear reader. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. (PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Federalism in Nigeria. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. We appreciate you. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project.
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