structure of military government in nigeria structure of military government in nigeria

Top Degrees B. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. [8] In the years following the civil war, the Nigerian Armed Forces were halved in size from its post-war height to approximately 125,000 men. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. Lesson notes )other: 12.5% (2018 est. The unicameral legislature is peculiar to each of the 36 states in Nigeria. This election was seen as Nigeria's most technologically advanced, with INEC deploying an electronic voter accreditation system and results-viewing portal that would enhance transparency and . Regionalism was introduced to the Nigeria system by the Richards Constitution. It was usually presided over by the Chief of Staff supreme headquarters. (3) The composition of the officer corps and other ranks of the armed forces of the Federation shall reflect the federal character of Nigeria. ), total: 65,313 (2020 est. ), conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeriaconventional short form: Nigeriaetymology: named for the Niger River that flows through the west of the country to the Atlantic Ocean; from a native term "Ni Gir" meaning "River Gir", name: Abujageographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: Abuja is a planned capital city, it replaced Lagos in 1991; situated in the center of the country, Abuja takes its name from a nearby town, now renamed Suleja, 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara, Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960), history: several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states; amended several times, last in 2018, mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Nigeriadual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 15 years, chief of state: President Maj. Gen. note: data are in current year dollars$39.937 billion (2020 est.) Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:09. ), 20.4 years (2018 est. Construction and maintenance of roads, street drains, parks, open spaces, and other public highways. Related: Nigerian Government revenue allocation and sharing formula. [14][15], In spite of these challenges to its operational readiness, the Nigerian Armed Forces have committed to a number of wide-ranging modernization programs to bolster the discipline and firepower of its troops. Military intervention could be prevented with the eradication or reduction in the level of corruption in Nigeria by politicians. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. The operational head of the AFN is the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. The Air Force did not get a combat capability until a number of MiG-17 aircraft were presented by the Soviet Union in 1966. [33][34][35] This doctrine of African military intervention by Nigeria is sometimes called Pax Nigeriana.[36]. Just as there is division of power in other tiers, so there is at this tier. )permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est. The president is head of both state and government, and leads the Federal Executive Council (cabinet). It was Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu that officially announced the successful coup on Radio Nigeria in Kaduna. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. The Constitution is suspended and the regional government and electd assemblies are hereby dissolved. )industry: 22.5% (2016 est. In 2007, the Air Force had a strength of 10,000. Government Structure In 1999, after decades of intermittent military control, Nigeria adopted constitutional reforms that reinstated a civilian government. Presently, Nigeria has 774 local government councils, hence, 774 local government chairmen. But why? [9][10] Nigeria's Armed Forces would continue to remain an active element in combat operations throughout the African continent over the proceeding decades, with bobs NigerianFinder.com is aimed at helping Nigerians get relevant and valuable information they need from the web on any topic - about Nigeria, Nigerians, or events other things related to Nigeria. Quick Interesting Post: The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria. The policies that govern the country cutting across the states to the lowest level of government are formed at the federal level. Nigerias sustained high population growth rate will continue for the foreseeable future because of population momentum and its high birth rate. )solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The first one was in 1986, just a year after Ibrahim Babangida was sworn into power, Major General Mamman Vatsa had led a coup to overthrow the government of President Babangida but this coup failed. However, the coup led to greater problems for the country. )-$15.986 billion (2020 est. The Nigerian government structure is made up of its 3 levels, and 3 arms of government, and leadership structure. Local government must be administered by democratically elected officials. The masses should be given political education so as to be able to fight for their right when it is being infringed upon. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Olusegun Obasanjo, who by 1999, had become president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: " Professionalism has been lost my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.65% (2021 est. The structure of government under Gowon was basically unitarian. Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in her military procurement from various countries. 3. Disclaimer. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. Federalism is a system of government in which governmental powers that exists in a country are shared between central government and component region. Every state produces 3 senators, which are elected, from their 3 senatorial districts. The state governments receive more than half their money from federal government and also collects taxes. Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forceshead of government: President Maj. Gen. [20], Since its creation, the Nigerian military has fought in a civil war the conflict with Biafra in 196770 and sent peacekeeping forces abroad, both with the United Nations and as the backbone of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in Liberia and Sierra Leone. )2.21% (2019 est. note: data are in current year dollars$72.178 billion (2020 est.) )exports: 0 kWh (2019 est. Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. note: data are in current year dollars$100.82 billion (2019 est.) By Posted jordan schnitzer house In strengths and weaknesses of a volleyball player )proven reserves: 344 million metric tons (2019 est. Nigerias population is projected to grow from more than 186 million people in 2016 to 392 million in 2050, becoming the worlds fourth most populous country. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P.O. The military are not trained in the act of governance. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Structure [ edit] The Nigerian Army as of 2016 consisted of some 6,000 officers and 150,000 enlisted personnel. The federal government raises funds through taxing people and businesses. So,what system of government is Nigeria practicing now? )permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est. The Nigerian government structure has been resilient; it has jumped back on its feet and modified itself from past experiences. Altogether 38 soldiers and 1 civilian were executed by firing squad as a result of their involvement in this coup. Protection of lives and properties of its citizens. )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. ), improved: urban: 81.6% of populationrural: 41.4% of populationtotal: 62.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 18.4% of populationrural: 58.6% of populationtotal: 37.7% of population (2020 est. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Also Read: Updated list of 20 local governments in Lagos state and their wards. This led to a counter coup six months later which resulted in the death of Aguiyi Ironsi and Adekunle Fajuyi who was hosting the Military Head at his residence in Ibadan. )biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Generation of revenues for the country and its states. Military government freed 47 political prisoners including Gen. Oladipo Diya. )306.921 (2019 est. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 62%male: 71.3%female: 52.7% (2018), total: 19.6%male: 19.8% NAfemale: 19.4% (2021 est.) Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. ), 15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023), at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2023 est. [32], In December 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an activist anti-colonial role in Africa. ), -0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. This is an inter-service Operational Team, comprising members of the army, navy, and air force to combat terrorism in the Niger Delta. )306.084 (2018 est. However, this process was shortlived by the military folks and less than 6 years after independence, Sir Ahmadu Bello; the post-independence leader of the country was overthrown. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Control and regulation of shops, restaurants, kiosks, and other venues for sales of food. The local government reforms of 1976 have been described as a landmark in the history of local government in Nigeria. The council performs executive functions with the President as the Chairman. The Nigerian Armed Forces (NAF) are the combined military forces of Nigeria. The president appoints his ministers; and these ministers make up his cabinet. The Council of Ministers: This consists of the President, Vice President and the ministers some of whom were military officers, while others were politicians. 1861-1914 - Britain consolidates its hold over what it calls the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, governs through local leaders. ), $50.856 billion (2021 est.) )agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Note: A ministry with a minister and one or more minister of state has only one permanent secretary. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.03 (2020 est. The Nigerian Navy is currently headed by Vice Admiral Awwal Zubairu Gambo.[27]. By 2021, the number of the Air Force personnel had increased to 18,000. ), number of registered air carriers: 13 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 104annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 8,169,192 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 19.42 million (2018) mt-km, total: 40over 3,047 m: 102,438 to 3,047 m: 121,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 3 (2021), total: 141,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 3 (2021), 124 km condensate, 4,045 km gas, 164 km liquid petroleum gas, 4,441 km oil, 3,940 km refined products (2013), total: 3,798 km (2014)standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gaugenote: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced, total: 195,000 km (2017)paved: 60,000 km (2017)unpaved: 135,000 km (2017), 8,600 km (2011) (Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks), total: 791by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 110, other 667 (2021), major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagosoil terminal(s): Bonny Terminal, Brass Terminal, Escravos Terminal, Forcados Terminal, Pennington Terminal, Qua Iboe TerminalLNG terminal(s) (export): Bonny Island, Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) (2022)note 1: the NSCDC a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disastersnote 2: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces, 0.7% of GDP (2021 est. The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice of Nigeria and 13 associate justices. In the Northern region for instance, the local government was known by the name " native authorities", with the emirs having enormous influence and authority in his locality. Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. )exports of goods and services: 11.9% (2017 est. 2. Many of the prominent military men were a part of this council however; his stay in power didnt last up to a year as another coup although bloodless led to his ouster. Developing and maintaining of external relations. )investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (2017 est. With a restoration of democracy, Nigerians are very much determined to sustain it and make the future generation proud to be a part of this great nation. government nearer to the people (most especially people in the rural areas) has prompted the Federal Government of Nigeria to introduce a number of significant reform measures to local government administration, particularly since 1976. )11.4% (2019 est.). These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and government bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of West Africa as a whole. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Local government must have specific powers to perform a range of functions assigned it by law. One of the senior Army officers at that time, General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi had used the coup as an opportunity and he was able to annex power to become the first military head of State. STRUCTURE OF MILITARY RULE The Armed Forces Ruling Council: This consist of the Head of State and the Commander In- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, the Service Chiefs, Inspector General of Police, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation and the Secretary to the military Government. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Nigeria is a Rentier state. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. Lets talk about each of these arms as they make the pieces of the Nigerian government structure a complete one. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. WITHIN NIGERIA has highlighted two significant events that took place on March 4 in Nigeria history in an effort to raise awareness for educational purpose. Interestingly, the Ernest Shonekan led administration had been set up as an interim government due to pressures on the Babangida led administration from both international and local quarters. 1. Added to that was the reality that the governmental structure put in place after the collapse of the military government of Gen. Sani Abacha in 1998 did not account for the very different set of . Learn more about the creation of the 36 state and capital in Nigeria. Obasanjo had successfully handed over to Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979 but he was overthrown in the 31 st December 1983 by the General Muhammad Buhari. The people should resist military rule through peaceful mass disobedience. Each local government area is governed by a local government council. We have JSS & SSS lesson notes. It starts with the three tiers of government in Nigeria. It is the level of government that is closer to the people and is within the people. The Armed Forces Ruling Council: This consist of the Head of State and the Commander In- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, the Service Chiefs, Inspector General of Police, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation and the Secretary to the military Government. Politicians should learn how to avoid ethnic politics in order not to attract military rule. This system features the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), the arms of government (or branches of government), with leadership structure identifying the top 4 citizens. The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Lagos and Kaduna within a period of 2 days. It was adopted in its original form May 29 1999 in Abuja at the dawn of the Nigerian fourth republic. ), total petroleum production: 1,646,900 bbl/day (2021 est. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. The National Assembly serve as check on the executive arm of the government. )19.6% of GDP (2016 est. )male: 6.9% (2020 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 16.95% (2021 est. Lets the do the maths, we have 36 states in Nigeria, these states have 3 senatorial districts each and a senator is elected from each senatorial district, making 36 x 3 = 108 senatorial districts = 108 senators. From 1966 to 1999, Nigeria experienced a series of military coups, excluding the short-lived second republic between 1979 and 1983. )$38.336 billion (31 December 2019 est. The structure of Nigerian government come in a planned system; the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), and the arms of government (also known as branches of government), Also Read: The relationship between the three tiers of government in Nigeria. In doing so, it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society, and the linked decline in military effectiveness.