biological source of guggul

Different biochemical parameters like GTT, glycogen content, glucose homeostatic enzymes (like glucose-6-phosphatase and hexokinase), insulin release in vivo, and expression profiles of various genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism clearly demonstrated the hypoglycemic effect. Also, the alcoholic extract of C. mukul exhibited antioxidant property [57]. Bhandari Common Name (s): Guggal, Guggul, Guggulu, Gugulipid, Gum guggal, Gum guggulu, Indian bdellium, Indian myrrh Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. (40), In mice with induced hypothyroidism, coadministration of C. mukul extracts reversed the hypothyroid state and increased triiodothyronine levels in euthyroid animals. (35), In an older trial, C. mukul in combination with Inula racemosa (another Ayurvedic botanical) was studied in 200 patients with ischemic heart disease and found to improve electrocardiogram readings and decrease episodes of dyspnea and chest pain. The volatile oil of C mukul was found to be highly effective against Rhyzopertha dominica which suggested its role as a fumigant. However, very little high quality evidence exists to support its use for this purpose. Sachs, who was appointed last December, is the latest coach to have a short tenure in the . The resin, which flows out, is allowed to harden before it is collected. PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI IN LIVER DISFUNCTION PRESENTED BY Narendra Umale. Serum fibrinolytic activity increased, while the platelet adhesive index decreased, which was statistically significant in healthy individuals and in CAD patients. Some older evidence suggests that guggul may decrease blood clotting ability. This review is an effort to compile all the information available on all of its chemical constituents which are responsible for its therapeutic potential. Guggulu consists of oleo-gum resin obtained as an exudate from the tapping of stem and branches of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari [syn. Additional studies have shown that herbal supplements containing guggul extract may help treat obesity by promoting weight loss and reducing both skinfold thickness and body circumference. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Commiphora wightii, with common names Indian bdellium-tree, gugal, guggul, gugul, or mukul myrrh tree, is a flowering plant in the family Burseraceae, which produces a fragrant resin called gugal, guggul or gugul, that is used in incense and vedic medicine (or ayurveda).The species is native to southern Pakistan and western India. While some studies have found that guggul has cholesterol-lowering effects, other research suggests no significant benefits (17). A fraction showing cytotoxic activity was characterized as a mixture of two ferulates with an unusual skeleton by spectral and chemical methods. It is possible that some of the properties (chemical and biological) of shodhan materials are added to guggulu during the purification process. Myrrhanol B is 30-oic acid of myrrhanol A with altered stereostructure at C-5 (5R in contrast to 5S in myrrhanol A). Your thyroid gland is responsible for growth and metabolism in your body. India's National Medicinal Plants Board launched a project in Kutch District to cultivate 500 to 800 hectares (1,200 to 2,000 acres) of guggal,[13] while a grass-roots conservation movement, led by IUCN associate Vineet Soni, has been started to educate guggal growers and harvesters in safe, sustainable harvesting methods.[14][15]. This is only a brief summary of general information about this product. The gum, called "guggul" or "gum guggulu," is tapped from the stem of the plant, and the fragrant yellow latex solidifies as it oozes out. Guggul supplements are available in a wide range of forms, including capsules, extracts, powders, and lotions, which can be found online or in some health food and supplement stores. Animal studies show that Triphala may also have anti-inflammatory properties and reduce inflammation caused by arthritis (31, 32). It is also possible that some of the toxic or harmful constituents of raw guggulu are neutralized, detoxified, or removed during this process. It has been documented that guggul may act as a uterine stimulant, potentially causing uterine contractions and premature labor (1, 29). It has been traditionally used for combatting ailments such as high blood lipids, liver dysfunction and obesity. Gum guggul extract (GUMGUGGULEXT) | Chemical Effects in Biological Systems Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Guggulsterone antagonized the chenodeoxycholic acid-activated nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which regulates cholesterol metabolism in the liver. None identified. Guggulsterones, the lipid-lowering components of guggulu, effectively inhibited in vitro LDL oxidation (as discussed under antioxidant action). Price: $65 Purchase PDF Abstract In the herbal drug pharmaceutical industry, guggul is enjoying emergent consumer acceptance around the world. It is gynodioecious, with some plants bearing bisexual and male flowers, and others with female flowers. The antioxidant property of guggulu helped stop the oxidation of cholesterol and subsequent hardening of the arteries, reduced the stickiness of platelet, and also lowered the risk of coronary artery disease [45]. It was tested in vitro against the formation of oxygen free radicals. Although the use of guggulu in therapeutic doses appears to be safe and nontoxic more and more of such studies should still be conducted so that chances of any toxicity, if any, can be ruled out. Introduction. Guggul has been studied for its potential to treat acne. Khanna D., Sethi G., Ahn K. S., et al. Pterocarpus - Pharmacognosy Guggul. Other components of the oil are eugenol, d-limonene, -pinene, () linalool, cineole,-terpineol, d--phellandrene, methylheptanone, bornyl acetate, () geraniol, and some other unidentified compounds [9]. Inhalation of the fumes from burnt guggulu is recommended in hay fever, acute and chronic nasal catarrh, chronic laryngitis, chronic bronchitis, and phthisis. Commiphora wightii, with common names Indian bdellium-tree,[3] gugal,[4] guggul,[3] gugul,[3] or mukul myrrh tree, is a flowering plant in the family Burseraceae, which Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking. Pharmacological results have validated the use of this plant in the traditional medicines. It is one of the oldest and the most prominent herbs in Ayurvedic medicine. Arora R. B., Taneja V., Sharma R. C., Gupta S. K. Anti-inflammatory studies on a crystalline steroid isolated from. Avoid exposing the product to light, heat, and moisture. 1 Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University . Figure 5), and C (12) ( This preparation is derived from the gum resin (guggulu) of the tree Commiphora muku. Guggal - Cultivation, Chemical test, Uses, and More - Solution Pharmacy This activity was also confirmed in other animals including white leghorn chicks, domestic pig, Presbytis monkey, and albino rat [1]. Guggul Scientific Name (s): Commiphora mukul Hook. A case report exists of rhabdomyolysis possibly caused by guggul consumption. Though its origin is rather obscure, the papaya may represent the fusion of two or more species of Carica native to Mexico and Central America. Basically, guggul is the gum resin from Commiphora wightii (syn. The recommended daily doses vary . During a process of shodhan, guggulu is treated with specific materials of biological origin, for example, herbal juices, cow urine, and cow milk. Guggul-based creams have been shown to improve itchiness, redness or skin discoloration, and inflammation in people with psoriasis and eczema (6). Emma Raducanu splits with fifth coach in two years after prolonged One dated study in 21 people found that taking 25 mg of guggulsterone orally was as effective as tetracycline, an antibiotic commonly used to treat acne (4). Biological degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by rhizobacteria Bordia A., Chuttani S. K. Effect of gum guggula on fibrinolysis and platelet adhesiveness in coronary heart disease. The ethanolic extract of C. mukul exhibited best antibacterial activity at 5mg/mL against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia [65]. This work was inspired by a rather obscure shloka in Sanskrit in the well-known Ayurvedic treatise Sushruta Samhita. It is used as a source of commercial "Gum guggul". (PDF) Commiphora wightii (Arnott) BhandariA Natural Source of The Indian regions such as Morena, Kutch, and Pakistan border near Kutch regions can be used as a potential source for mass multiplication of guggul plants to get the good quality of the oleo-gum . Clinical Overview Use This plant contains a number of bioactive constituents including terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, guggultetrols, lignans, sugars, and amino acids. Phytochemical constituents of guggul gum and their biological qualities Guggulsterone (50M) prevented the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide of low density lipoprotein in above system. Commiphora mukul (Hook. (11, 19, 20, 21), In mice with induced colitis, guggulsterone decreased the severity of the inflammatory disease. Yu B.-Z., Kaimal R., Bai S., et al. Guggul is considered relatively safe when taken at the typically recommended dose. The site is secure. However, liquid chromatography has shown commercial over-the-counter products contain less or none of claimed guggulsterone content.6, 7, 13 Standardization of herbal products is warranted. Overview Guggul is made from the oily sap (gum resin) of the guggul tree (Commiphora wightii). The .gov means its official. Therefore, ferulate compounds are used in the method for prevention and treatment of abnormal cell growth and proliferation of inflammation, neoplasia, and cardiovascular disease. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Photo taken on Aug. 13, 2022 shows a roll of a . [11][12], Because of its use in traditional medicine, C. wightii has been overharvested, and has become so scarce in its two habitats in IndiaGujarat and Rajasthanthat the World Conservation Union (IUCN) has enlisted it in its IUCN Red List of threatened species. Diltiazem: Guggul may decrease the serum concentration of diltiazem. Guggul is the gum resin obtained from a variety of plants native to India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Additionally, those treated with guggul increased their walking distance (19). Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Thyroid disorders are relatively common, especially among women (8). Guggul Health benefits, dosage, safety, side-effects, and more Further boiling is continued till guggulu solution forms a soft mass. Skin rashes have also been reported in other trials using 1-2g guggulipid (ethyl acetate fraction) daily for a month. Isolation of several steroidal constituents has been reported from the gum resin. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from piper species. However, recent evidence is lacking, and much of the research on guggul and its effect on blood sugar levels was conducted in animals (21). Eczema and psoriasis are both noncontagious skin conditions that are mainly caused by inflammation of the skin. Mukulol (allylcembrol) (4) (Figure 2) is a new cembrane alcohol which was isolated from the aerial parts and also from the resin of guggulu [11, 12]. B. serrata is the only nonconiferous source of turpentine in India (Anonymous, 1988). Gugulipid, an ethyl acetate extract of the oleoresin, standardized at CDRI, has been marketed in India since 1988 as a hypolipidemic agent. The effect of guggulsterones E and Z was very similar to the inhibitory effect of clofibrate. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. (45) Studies have shown that the guggulsterones are antagonist ligands for the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor, which is activated by bile salts, thus reducing cholesterol. Guggul is used in Ayurveda remedies and it is mentioned in Ayurvedic texts dating back to 600 BC. Gugulipid contains not less than 4 percent and not more than 6 percent of guggulsterones (Zand E). Commiphora wightii (Arnott) BhandariA Natural Source of Guggulsterone Pharmacological Properties of Guggulsterones, the Major Active Treatment with guggulsterone at a dose of 50mg/kg significantly protected cardiac damage as assessed by the reversal of blood and heart biochemical parameters in ischemic rats [59]. Guggul may have additional drug or herbal interactions that have not yet been studied. Before In 1966, the first medical studies in animals were conducted, and in 1986, guggal was approved for marketing in India as a hypolipidemic drug. All species are a part of the Burseraceae family, also known as the incense family. (60), While the human safety profile of the extract has not been well described for children, pregnant or breast-feeding women, or patients with severe hepatic or renal disease, little to no adverse events have been reported in clinical studies; the adverse effects were primarily GI-related (diarrhea, nausea) as well as cases of hypersensitivity, possible thyroid problems, headache, hiccough, and rash.2, 4, 48, 52, 61, 67, In a study evaluating the effect of oral guggulipid on hyperlipidemia, moderate to severe generalized cutaneous reactions were noted in 9% of participants, leading to dropouts from the study.62 Case reports exist of acute eczematous reactions to guggul-containing creams.63, 64, A case report exists of rhabdomyolysis in a patient taking an extract of C. mukul 300 mg 3 times daily who was previously sensitized (increased creatine kinase) to lipid-lowering statins.59 A similar case report of increased transaminases exists for a combination preparation containing guggulsterol and red yeast rice extract; however, fungal metabolites found in the red yeast rice extract were suspected to be responsible for the adverse effect because the metabolites are structurally similar to lovastatin. Administration of ethanolic extract of guggulu to the female albino mice for 15 days enhanced the triiodothyonine (T3) concentration and T3/T4 ratio, while no marked change in the concentrations of serum thyroxine (T4) was observed [47]. It also enhanced the production of thyroxin and triiodothyronine; these hormones increase the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein synthesis and help in lowering the lipid activity [47]. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Therefore, like myrrh, guggul is used as a gargle for dental care, weak spongy gums, pyorrhea, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis and ulcerated throat. The 50 percent aqueous methanolic extract was found to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect on adjuvant-induced air pouch granuloma in mice. (41, 42) In vitro laboratory experiments have shown that guggulsterone is able to bind to mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, androgen, and progesterone receptors with either antagonist or agonist action. Reproductive biology of Boswellia serrata, the source of salai guggul CLOVE Synonyms Clove buds, Clove flowers. Oleo-gum resin, guggulu, tapped from the stems of this species, is consumed in high volumes by the Indian herbal industries. Another older human study confirmed similar findings. Research reveals little information regarding toxicology with the use of guggul. The allylcembrol structure was established by spectral analysis and mild dehydration which yielded cembrene. Prasad R. S., Dev S. Chemistry of ayurvedic crude drugsIV: guggulu (resin from commiphora mukul4 absolute stereochemistry of mukulol. Guggul contains plant steroids that. Kimura I., Yoshikawa M., Kobayashi S., et al. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, The guggle tree grows in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Ethyl acetate extract showed significant in vitro cytotoxicity. A natural product that lowers cholesterol as an antagonist ligand for FXR. Also, this plant is listed in IUCN list and thus rationale usage of the plant is the need of the hour so that we do not end up depleting this wonder drug of high therapeutic importance. (34) Guggulsterone also exerts a protective effect on cardiac enzymes against drug-induced myocardial necrosis. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In India, it is found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka. One of the authors, Prerna Sarup, gratefully acknowledges the University Grants Commission for the grant of RFSMS fellowship. [1] Several efforts are in place to address this situation. Sharma B., Salunke R., Srivastava S., Majumder C., Roy P. Effects of guggulsterone isolated from, Sharma A., Kumar Patel V., Rawat S., Ramteke P., Verma R. Identification of the antibacterial component of some Indian medicinal plants against, Goyal P., Chauhan A., Kaushik P. Assessment of. They also assist health care professionals to direct resources to the strategies and treatments that would work best for a particular type of ailment. Ex Stocks); Family, Burseraceae]. Biological Source It consists of dried juice obtained by making vertical inci-sions to the stem bark of the plant Pterocarpus marsupiumLinn., belonging to family Leguminosae. Administration of alcoholic extract of C. mukul at a dose of 200mg/kg for 60 continuous days reduced plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [57]. The major constituents include E-guggulsterone (23) (Figure 11), Z-guggulsterone (24) (Figure 11), guggulsterol-1 (25) (Figure 12), guggulsterol-II (26) (Figure 12), guggulsterol-III (27) (Figure 12) [18], guggulsterol-IV (28) (Figure 13), guggulsterol-V (29) (Figure 13) [19], and guggulsterol-VI (30) (Figure 13) [20]. (69), In mice with induced diabetes, administration of C. mukul extracts improved glucose tolerance, decreased plasma insulin levels, reduced weight gain, and improved the lipid profile. A randomized, controlled study. This fraction also showed moderate scavenging effect against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals [60]. Metabolic profiling of Commiphora wightii (guggul) reveals a potential Commiphora wightii - Wikipedia Guggulsterones E and Z are the chief bioactive constituents of this resin and are endowed with immense pharmacological value. Guggul Vikaspedia Guggul Potent Against Digestive Cancer Cells Effects of Guggul on Head and Neck Cancer Can Guggul Help Fight Leukemia? 1. You should talk with your health care provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this product. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Guggul supplements, lotions, extracts, and powders should be stored in their original containers at room temperature in a cool, dry place. It inhibited the full development of the primary lesions in adjuvant arthritis and also reduced the severity of secondary lesions as compared with the untreated control group [53]. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Myocardial necrosis induced by isoproterenol in rats caused marked increase in serum creatine phosphokinase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Keeping this in view, stem, bark, and leaf of this plant should receive more attention so that the complete depletion on account of plant death due to tapping can be checked. Guggulsterones are shown to be effective cardioprotectives. Guggul is the gum resin obtained from a variety of plants native to India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Guggulu (resin from, Fatope M. O., Al-Burtomani S. K. S., Ochei J. O., Abdulnour A. O., Al-Kindy S. M. Z., Takeda Y. Muscanone: a 3-O-(1,8,14-trimethylhexadecanyl) naringenin from, Kakrani H. K. Flavonoids from the flowers of, Kumar V., Dev S. Chemistry of ayurvedic crude drugsVII guggulu (resin from, Su S.-L., Duan J.-A., Tang Y.-P., et al. Guggul can also cause skin rash and itching that is not related to allergy. This species is consequently assessed as Critically Endangered and enlisted in the IUCN red list of threatened species. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Natural products as a gold mine for arthritis treatment. However, recent findings have suggested that guggulsterone E and Z are highly efficacious antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear hormone receptor that is activated by bile acids, thus allowing increased cholesterol catabolism and excretion from the body [42, 43]. This information does not endorse this product as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. B., Dodds D. T., et al. Guggulu occurs in vermicular pieces of pale yellow or brown coloured mass with aromatic odour and bitter astringent taste; when fresh it is viscid and golden coloured. People in India have used it for thousands of years as an herbal medicine. Further studies on the alcoholic extract and two pure compounds (a terpenoid and a steroid) isolated from the petroleum ether extract showed that the steroid was highly potent in lowering the serum cholesterol by 69.3 percent. Can Ayurvedic Medicine Be Used for Weight Loss? (16, 22) In rats with induced uveitis, guggulsterone demonstrated a protective effect against inflammatory mediators.(23). A teaspoon of the tincture (extracted with 90% alcohol), is added to 10 ounces of water to make a useful gargle and liniment for indolent sores. Demonstrated biological effects of gum guggul extracts on lipid metabolism, thyroid hormone homeostasis, female reproductive tissues, endogenous nuclear hormone receptors and the potential for . It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this product. Guggulsterone - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Some sources marketing products with gum guggul extracts on the Internet listed concentrations and suggested doses. Botanical Source of Guggul | Guggul.com The findings of multicentric clinical trials carried out with gugulipid at seven different centres in India coordinated in collaboration with CDRI confirmed the role of gugulipid as a hypolipidemic agent [36]. de Morais S. M., Facundo V. A., Bertini L. M., et al. Biological source: Guggal belongs to the oleogum resin category and obtained from Commiphora weightii, Commiphora Mukul by making a deep incision at the basal part of stem bark. Meanwhile, brahmi is another Ayurvedic herb native to Eastern India. 8600 Rockville Pike Generally, guggul is safe for most populations that are not pregnant or breastfeeding. Urizar N. L., Moore D. D. Gugulipid: a natural cholesterol-lowering agent. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. BhandariCommon Name(s): Guggal, Guggul, Guggulu, Gugulipid, Gum guggal, Gum guggulu, Indian bdellium, Indian myrrh. His obsession had a singular goal . It should produce not more than 5 percent of total ash and 1 percent of acid-insoluble ash. Benefits, Downsides, and More, Heres What Getting Less Than 7 Hours of Sleep a Night Can Do to You, Want to Lose Weight Fast? What is guggul? In order to overcome the side effects of raw guggulu, Ayurveda describes a number of purification processes (shodhan vidhi) in different dravyas, that is, fluids, which not only take care of the adverse effects but also enhance the therapeutic activity [2]. FOIA From this review article it is concluded that the resin of Commiphora wightii, guggulu, has emerged as a good source of the traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, obesity, microbial infection, wound, pain, fractures, tumor, and gastrointestinal diseases. This study did not report any intestinal distress [70]. It is also mentioned in Ayurvedic texts that guggulu must be purified before incorporation into herbal formulations. Most of the research on gugguls ability to treat these and other skin irritations has investigated the effects of guggul extracted from the Boswellia serrata plant (2). It is superbly reflected and proved by the diverse medicinal uses of this Ayurvedic drug. In most studies, total cholesterol and HDL were reduced. It found that the guggul-based cream improved skin symptoms, such as redness, inflammation, tenderness, and pain, as well as reduced the need for topical steroid creams for treatment (7). Ali M. A., Hasan M. Chemical investigation of, Satyavati G. V. Guggulipid: a promising hypolipidemic agent from gum guggul (. Excessive production of the gum eventually kills the plant. Theres limited research regarding the use of guggul in children and adolescents. Guggulu administered orally (2 and 20mg/100g body weight) to female rats decreased the weight of the uterus, ovaries, and cervix, whereas glycogen and sialic acid levels in these organs increased. (24) Clinical studies in GI inflammatory disease are lacking. There is evidence that LDL oxidation is essential for atherogenesis and the antioxidants that prevent this oxidation may either slow down or prevent atherogenesis. Googling the Guggul (Commiphora and Boswellia) for Prevention of Alternatively, the proposed active components of guggulu, guggulsterones E and Z, may increase hepatic binding sites for LDL cholesterol, thus increasing LDL clearance. In rats, dogs, and monkeys, no acute, subacute, or chronic toxicity has been reported. Figure 18), and eicosan-1,2,3,4-tetrol (47) (Figure 18) with minor amount of other components, possibly lower (C-16 and C-17) and higher (C-21 and C-22) homologous tetrols. The study proved that guggul could serve as a carrier for entrapping drugs and for their sustained release action [54]. Systematic reviews conducted on herbal medicines used for treatment of cardiovascular conditions, including hyperlipidemia reported the same data for guggul noting reductions as well as increases observed in total and LDL cholesterol, significant decreases in triglycerides, and minor adverse effects. Guggul is a plant which is known for its active ingredients, the guggulsterones. Received 2015 Jun 18; Revised 2015 Aug 28; Accepted 2015 Sep 7. Guggulu is a versatile drug and, because of its paranormal properties, it is very valuable in treating variety of disorders. Dev S. A modern look at an age old ayurvedic drug guggulu. This simple 3-step plan can help you lose weight fast. Here's all you need to know. LDL has been found to accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and is the major source of the cholesterol accumulation in human foam cells. Guggulipid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. Additionally, administration of guggulu partially reversed the atherosclerosis in the aorta that was induced by high-fat diet [39]. Guggul Supplement: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Dose - MedicineNet Although generally accepted as relatively safe, caution may be warranted during guggul consumption. Phytochemical Constituents of Guggul and their Biological Qualities One human study investigated the management of hypothyroidism employing Triphladya Guggulu tablets and a Punarnavadi Kashayam decoction. It was identified as a mixture of esters based on homologous long-chain tetrols and acid [24]. One older human study in 58 people with obesity noted that guggul promoted 5 pounds (2.25 kg) of additional weight loss, on average, compared with the non-treated group (14). Sahni S., Hepfinger C. A., Sauer K. A. Guggulipid use in hyperlipidemia: case report and review of the literature. Guggul Guggul is also known as "Pura" which means "wards off disease". Biological Source Guggal is a gumresin obtained by incision of the bark of Commiphora mukul (H. and S.) Engl., belonging to family Burseraceae. This study showed significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol after treatment with guggulu [40]. The results of this study indicated that guggulsterone inhibited proliferation of PC-3 cells in culture by causing apoptosis, whereas a normal prostate epithelial cell line is resistant to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by this phytoconstituent.
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