post colonial state in africa pdf

Clapham, C. (1985). (2017). While China, a previously humiliated, (at the hands of the Japanese) but not colonized nation has been very fortunate, many other states have not been. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Postcolonial Sub-Saharan African Politics, The 1980s: Return to Development Orthodoxy, Post-Cold War Political Reform and Reconstruction, Democracy, the State, and Quests for Cultural Identity, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Political Science and the Study of Africa, Weak, Corrupt, Unreconstructed Colonial States, Art, Art History, and the Study of Africa, British Colonial Rule in Sub-Saharan Africa, Communism, Marxist-Leninism, and Socialism in Africa, Development of Early Farming and Pastoralism, Early States And State Formation In Africa, Eastern Africa and the South Asian Diaspora, Great Lakes States of Eastern Africa, The, Health, Medicine, and the Study of Africa, Historiography and Methods of African History, Indian Ocean and Middle Eastern Slave Trades, Kongo and the Coastal States of West Central Africa. The most cogent and concise introduction to the study of African politics from the perspective of the broader study of comparative politics of which it is a component. Similarly, the penchant to achieve the SDGs and aspiration #1 of Agenda 2063 requires member states to align their national policies with that of the continental framework and strengthen implementation of such policies. Throughout the Horn of Africa (HOA), these same issues are present. Common Crisis. Available online at: https://mg.co.za/opinion/2022-03-16-failing-local-government-systems-alexandras-perpetual-affliction/?amp. This study acknowledges the Centre for Africa-China Studies (CACS), University of Johannesburg for funding my Post-Doctoral Fellowship. Although, in the immediate period after decolonization under the auspice of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) newly independent governments were exclusively concerned with nation-building, of which infrastructure was integral. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. How the Other Half Die. As will be discussed in-depth, they are a source of cheap labor for the rich living in neighboring urban areas. Wade, Robert. Kleinknecht, Alfred, E. Mandel, I. Wallerstein, Eds. Political parties, party programmaticity and party system in Post 1991 Ethiopia. Mcllwaine and Moser (2003) establish the link between violence, security and poverty in urban Colombia and Guatemala. Vote buying and democratic elections in Nigeria. Available online at: http://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100, van Ginkel, H. J. The aim of this article is to explore the capacity of post-colonial African states in achieving the global and continental goals embodied in the SDG #11 and the Agenda 2063's goal #1 (priority #4). 1996. Available online at: https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/annual-report-2018. These include national-level legislation on property rights and land tenure, as well as decentralized laws and municipal regulations regarding building control, land use, taxation, urban master plans, zoning rules, tendering procedures, and investment incentives Goodfellow (2017). ILHR. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Revised 7/16/2018. 2. ed. Available online at: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-16-nhlanhla-lux-exposed-the-disturbing-picture-behind-the-masks-of-the-man-heading-operation-dudula/, Hove, M., Ngwerume, E. T., and Muchemwa, C. (2013). London: Fairtrade Foundation. Fischer-Tine, Harald. Mueni wa Muiu/Xivilization" On Trial: The Colonial and Postcolonial State in Africa were the objectives modus operandi of the colonial state and its successor, the post-colonial state? For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Mandel, Ernest. Ferguson, James. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. J. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618312_4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618312_4, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York, eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. The term acquired widespread currency not long after independence in acknowledgment of the importation into new states of the practices, routines and mentalities of the colonial state. The data shows that across gender, 21 percent of male respondents declared that they were offered money or non-monetary favours in exchange for their votes in the state and national elections in comparison to 18 per cent of female respondents (Sasu, 2022). (In Russian). In Zimbabwe, politicians have overtly promised food parcels in exchange for votes. Urban., 32(1). The Challenges of Measuring Urbanisation in Africa, in Africa's Urbanisation Dynamics 2020: Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography. A combination of multiple causes explains the leadership failure in post-colonial African states. doi: 10.1177/0967010611419000, Ho, U. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. According to the Urban Safety Reference Group, the interlinked dynamics of urbanization, marginalization, and poor social and physical environments increase the likelihood of crime and violence (South African Cities Network, 2016). The Sandton-Alexander case study in Johannesburg, South Africa and the Island-Mainland case in Lagos, Nigeria are some examples of this problem. %PDF-1.7 % Lodge, T. (2014). Yet, on a domestic level, the same core-periphery divide is glaringly perpetuated across different sectors of the economy and works of lifeinfrastructure, education, access to amenities, access to opportunities, and healthcare. doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19354616, Mcllwaine, C., and Moser, C. (2003). African Union. 9 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.SLUM.UR.ZS, Department of Human Settlements and Republic of South Africa, 2009, https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/annual-report-2018, https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/32186-doc-towards_the_african_integrated_high_speed_railway_network_aihsrn_development-e.pdf, https://eng.majalla.com/node/79591/africas-slums-arent-harbingers-of-anarchy-theyre-engines-of-democracy, https://mg.co.za/article/2019-11-07-00-mashabas-xenophobic-legacy/, https://bushcenter.org/catalyst/state-of-the-american-dream/churchwell-history-of-the-american-dream.html, https://amp.theguardian.com/cities/2016/feb/25/blackout-blues-the-lagos-nigeria-suburbs-that-have-been-in-darkness-for-five-years, https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/items/84405ea7-0585-4693-8b58-b7f147aa35ec, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218259/largest-cities-in-africa/, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-16-nhlanhla-lux-exposed-the-disturbing-picture-behind-the-masks-of-the-man-heading-operation-dudula/, https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3157865/build-back-better-vs-belt-and-road-improve-infrastructure, https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/9968/1/Political_Settlements_internet.pdf, https://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-13-southern-africas-housing-crisis-needs-progressive-policy-with-less-stringent-urbanisation-regulation/, https://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-19-zimbabwes-politicians-promise-food-for-votes/, https://mg.co.za/opinion/2022-03-16-failing-local-government-systems-alexandras-perpetual-affliction/?amp, https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/african-cities-with-the-highest-population-growth-rate/1pvkr58, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1198751/prevalence-of-electoral-fraud-in-nigeria-by-area/, https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2022-03-12-operation-dudula-reaches-ekurhuleni-as-locals-target-illegal-immigrants/, https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201802/landauditreport13feb2018.pdf, https://mg.co.za/news/2022-03-14-reinforcements-sent-to-cape-flats-gang-hotspot-after-multiple-murders/, https://thenewhumanitarian.org/report/55442/nigeria-area-boys-growing-menace-street-lagos, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/11_Why_It_Matters-2020.pdf, http://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100, https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2015/drowning_megacities/index.html, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5969, https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/industrialization-in-subsaharan-africa-seizing-opportunities-in-global-value-chains, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/lagos-africa-startup/capital/, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Centre for Africa-China Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. Individuals in peri-urban areas and informal settlements tend to turn to kerosene lanterns and candles for lighting, firewood for cooking, and illegal tapping of electricity with sub-par wires and polesall of which present a penchant for fire disasters. (2006). Anderson, E. (2010). 1966. Figure 3. Available online at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/industrialization-in-subsaharan-africa-seizing-opportunities-in-global-value-chains, Zandt, F. (2022). Perhaps, there is need to expand governance review mechanisms to include indicators drawing on the provisions of Agenda 2063. So, education is not valued, nor are there returns on investment for the youth that are lucky enough to receive an education. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal. This comes at the expense of welfarism, social cohesion, peace, security, and order within societies and states. Sen, A. The Economics of Global Turbulence: The Advanced Capitalist Economies from Long Boom to Long Downturn, 1945-2005. Archival research in Africa | African Affairs | Oxford Academic This discussion is Synergy in policies, strategies, design, and project implementation on a national-regional-continental scale cannot be overemphasized. Aduloju, O., Adeniran, I., and Ageh, J. This includes digging a borehole or a well to provide water to the community and/or sell to others to generate income. Urban Violence and Crime: A Review of Literature, in The Just City: Poverty, Deprivation and Alleviation Strategies. The South African government has prioritized upgrading informal settlements through its National Housing Policy and the Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme, both of which are part of the Housing Code (Department of Human Settlements and Republic of South Africa, 2009). 1976. The sporadic increase in informal settlement and slum partially accounts for this problem. PDF Africa's international borders as potential sources of con ict and The Black Mans Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. (1994). London: The Macmillan Press. doi: 10.1007/s12116-021-09324-x. This paper set out to investigate conflicts in post colonial Africa with a view to unravelling the causes of such conflicts. Multi-national Corporations and many European and American nations as well as organizations send money in the form of humanitarian aid to Africa. Second, arbitrary borders have been established by the colonial rulers in the past which have caused widespread conflict to say the least. Despite this, challenges emerge in the implementation of such mandates. Goodfellow (2017) draws on this approach in examining urban transformation across major cities in Africa. Carmody, Pdraig. In compliance with global agenda on housing and sustainable cities, South Africa alongside other sub-Saharan African countries were signatory to the United Nations New Urban Agenda, adopted at the Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development in October 2016. Cooper, Frederick. Adisa, J. Mabogunje (2015) argues that their role has been to draw attention to endemic poverty and social degradation which otherwise remain buried and unobtrusive in the rural areas, rather than contribute meaningfully to development. (2012). doi: 10.4000/books.ifra.789. Irrespective, the fact that money and/or food parcels is exchanged with the expectation of voting for a particular candidate or political party to address key development issues in these communities is indeed detrimental to sound governance practices and construes human development as transactional. London: Verso. The systemic inequalities characteristic of the global economic system is underpinned by neoliberalism. The Catalyst. Irrespective, Agenda 2063 offers the continent the opportunity to prioritize urban human insecurity issues as an emerging non-conventional security threat requiring securitization. Also, these development partners tend to prioritize the economics of infrastructure specifically its ability to yield returns on their investments or enable the borrowing country to repay the loans over the stipulated/agreed time frame. 2007. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter. Urbanization, housing and environment: megacities of Africa. Unable to display preview. While noting the importance of member state buy-in, other challenges emerge namely coordination problems, structural violence, competing external development agenda for Africa, and the challenges of policy implementation. https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/32247-1963_cias_plen_2-3_cias_res_1-2_e.pdf (assessed: 10.01.2020). 1, 976663. (In Russian). This implies that institutions and the distribution of power have to be compatible else, in a case where actors are not benefitting from the said compatibility, they are inclined to change the institution Khan (2010). The next section builds on this narrative by discussing the trends and patterns of urbanization and human security in post-colonial Africa. Arrighi, Giovanni. Cognisant of these challenges, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the blueprint for a better and sustainable future addresses key global challenges including poverty, climate change, environmental degradation, inequality, peace, security, and justice. Hayden, Gran. To this end, an education does not necessarily provide jobs in nations. 33 0 obj Evans, et al. Post-colonial Africa's urbanization experience has been a double-edged sword. Available online at: https://mg.co.za/article/2019-11-07-00-mashabas-xenophobic-legacy/, Chipaike, R., and Knowledge, M. H. (2018). Akanle, O., and Adejare, G. S. (2017). He perceives political settlements as a combination of power and institutions that are mutually compatible and also sustainable in terms of economic and political viability. HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. Consequently, infrastructure investment was undermined in the immediate post-independence era leading to the continued existence in the legacy of colonial spatial planning and exploitation. Akure: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology. 2013. However, the attempt to address this situation remains redundant as RDP homeowners often lease their houses to immigrants in peri-urban areas while remaining in shacks or informal settlements (Scheba and Turok, 2020). 2006. Studies show that in Nigeria, people living in rural areas are more likely to experience vote-buying in organized elections (Sasu, 2022). Whitaker, B. E., & Clark, J. F. (2018). It is a messy constructive, comprising of areas of effective and MGIMO University Publ. 15 0 obj London: Verso. Washington DC: Howard University Press. State of Urban Safety in South African Cities Report 2016. Register, Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Political candidates have often used the plight of these residents for election campaign purposes, making promises to address the challenges of threatening human welfare, yet fail to deliver upon (re) election. These generally dissolved amid political disarray with their objectives largely unrealized. Aggarwal, V. K., and Dupont, C. (2008). The first, from circa 1960 to the late 1970s, was a period of state-led developmentalism enabled by the long postwar boom in the world economy and the embedded liberalism of the Bretton Woods system. Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. An adequate continental response to urban human security crisis requires a holistic and in-depth understanding of the challenges facing the region at the country and local levels. Community organization and clientelist politics in contemporary brazil: a case study from Suburban Rio de Janeiro. Post-colonialism is defined in anthropology as the relations between nations and areas they colonized and once ruled. There are a plethora of solutions available to these nations. Richmond argues that neoliberalism assumes that inequality creates productive competition and no risk of conflict where a viable state and social contract exists (Richmond, 2014). Informal settlements and slums in Africa are characterized by spatially concentrated poverty and human rights abuses (Klopp and Paller, 2019). Of importance to this article is goal #1 and the four priority areas: incomes, jobs and decent work; poverty, inequality and hunger; social security and protection including persons with disabilities; and modern and liveable habitats and basic quality services. 37, 1118. Much isstandard liberalisationpolicy which some of the agencies push anywhere,anytime. (2022). Citations Metrics Licensing Reprints & Permissions View PDF View EPUB Abstract The debate triggered by recent publications and research justifying colonialism demands an intellectual engagement with the histories of colonialism, and their impact on postcolonial trajectories of development, peace and conflict. 2002. Mazrui, Ali. The concept of Ubuntu underpinning most of Africa's foreign policy needs to be localized through addressing the human security challenges of urbanization in the region. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. China doubles down on controversial African pipeline as Western lenders United Nations. This is imperative in teasing out the challenges undermining continental efforts at effectively addressing human security as a collective problem. state so common in modern Africa. Don't already have a personal account? China's investment in ports and port areas along the coastline from the Gulf of And through the Suez Canal towards the Mediterranean Sea; using its connectivity projects to link its industrial and energy projects in the hinterland of Africa to the infrastructure projects along the African coastline; the argument by China that the project serves local needs is undermined by the use of its State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) in developing infrastructure in Africa; China has been successful in building transnational projects in Africa only where there is either a deficit or vacuum in strong governance across countries; and has had little success working with third-partner countries on specific projects in Africa (Lokanathan, 2020). Figure 1. In a critical assessment of vote buying and selling in Nigeria, Mohammed (2020) argues that sometimes what is perceived in the literature as vote buying is often demanded by the electorate as incentives to vote and other times, politicians give such incentives of their own free will.
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